MRI Conditional Pacemakers

Abstract

Conventionally, magnetic resonance [MR] imaging is an absolute contraindicationfor those with an implanted pacemaker [1].This represents a significant clinical problem as several studies have shown approximately 75% of patients with pacemakers will have an indication for an MRI scan.   Patients over the age of 65 are twice as likely to require an MRI and 80% of pacemaker patients are over the age of 65.  MR imaging is an important source of information for neurological disorders and several soft tissue abnormalities. Hence denying this important diagnostic modality for those with an implanted pacemaker and other cardiac implantable electronic devices [CIED] is a tremendous clinical problem both because of concerns about MRI signals interfering with the function of the pacemaker and the pacemaker in turn interfering with the MR images.There are a number of potential effects of MRI signals on cardiac pacemakers and leads. MRI signals can interfere with the function of the pacemaker and the leads as a result of the static magnetic field, the gradient magnetic field, the modulated radiofrequency field and the combined field effects.A lot of research has gone into the development of pacemakers and other CIEDs, which are compatible with MRimaging.